Isisetshenziswa Sokuhlanza Amanzi Esingaphansi Komhlaba

Incazelo yomkhiqizo

Izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi emvula ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuqoqa amanzi emvula.Ngokuvamile, amanzi emvula aqoqwa izinhlelo zokuqoqa amanzi emvula ngokuyinhloko asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza, ukuchelela, nokuwasha izindlu zangasese.Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuhlanza amanzi emvula ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emvula ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya izinga lamanzi lamanzi emvula aqoqwe uhlelo.Ngesikhathi semvula, amagesi ancibilikayo, izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe noma ezimisiwe, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nama-microbial populations avela emoyeni angangena emanzini emvula.Izinto ezingcolisayo eziphuma emanzini ikakhulukazi zivela emthelela wamanzi emvula ageza phezulu.Ngakho-ke, i-surface sedimentation ingumthombo oyinhloko wokungcola emanzini okugeleza.Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi engaphansi kunquma uhlobo lokungcoliswa kwamanzi agelezayo.Ngakho-ke, izinga lamanzi lamanzi emvula liyahlukahluka ngenxa yezindawo nezikhathi ezahlukene.Ngokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamanzi emvula, kukholakala ukuthi ukungcola emanzini emvula emvelo ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi i-SS, COD, sulfides, nitrogen oxides, njll., kodwa ukugxila kwawo kuphansi kakhulu.

Ekwelashweni kwamanzi emvula, kokubili ukuhlunga kwekhabhoni nokuhlunga kwesihlabathi kudlala indima ebalulekile.Ukuhlunga kwekhabhoni kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukususa izinto eziphilayo, iphunga nemibala, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.Isusa izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-chlorine ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukunambitheka nephunga lamanzi.Ukuhlunga kwesanti kusetshenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, i-sediment nezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile ukwenza amanzi acace.Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhlunga zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuqoqa amanzi emvula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi emvula aqoqiwe ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi asebenzisekayo futhi angasetshenziselwa ukuchelela, ukuhlanza kanye nezinye izinhloso ezingaphuzwa.Angasetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza amanzi emvula ezakhiweni zezimboni nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze ahlanze amanzi emvula futhi awenze atholakale ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe.

I-1.Isistimu yokwelashwa kwamanzi emvula inezici zejubane lokucubungula ngokushesha, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, umphumela omuhle, ukusebenza okuzinzile, nezinga lokuhluleka eliphansi;
2. Lonke iqoqo lamanzi emvula linendawo encane, ukubukeka okuhle, ukusebenza okulula, nokuphatha okulula.
3. Okuphumelelayo nokonga amandla, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi okuncane, kanye nokukhiqizwa kodaka ngokweqile, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza zabanikazi bezindlu ekuhlanzeni amanzi emvula;
4. Idizayini eyingqayizivele, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, izinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshashintsha, asikho isidingo sokuphatha okuzinikele;
5. Inqubo yokuhlanza amanzi emvula inesakhiwo esilula, yonga ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi emvula, futhi inezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza;