Ukususwa Kwesistimu Yokuhlunga Amanzi Ensimbi NeManganese Yamanzi Okuphuza

Incazelo Yomkhiqizo

A. Okuqukethwe Kwensimbi Okuningi

Insimbi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza, ezibeka ukuthi kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-3.0mg/L.Noma yiliphi inani elingaphezu kwaleli zinga lithathwa njengelingathobeli.Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuqukethwe kwe-iron ngokweqile emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ekukhiqizeni izimboni nezolimo, kanye nokuchithwa ngokweqile kwamanzi angcolile ane-iron.

I-ayoni iyisici esinama-multivalent, futhi ama-ion ayoni (Fe2+) ayancibilika emanzini, ngakho-ke amanzi angaphansi komhlaba avame ukuba nensimbi.Lapho insimbi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba idlula izinga, amanzi angase abonakale evamile ngombala ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-30, umbala wamanzi ungase uqale ukuphenduka ube phuzi.Uma usebenzisa amanzi angaphansi anensimbi eyeqile ukugeza izingubo ezimhlophe, kungase kubangele izingubo zibe phuzi futhi zingalungiseki.Ukukhetha okungalungile kwendawo yomthombo wamanzi ngabasebenzisi ngokuvamile kungaholela ekuqukethe insimbi ngokweqile emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.Ukudla okusansimbi ngokweqile kuwubuthi obungapheli emzimbeni womuntu futhi kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwezinto ezinombala okhanyayo kanye nempahla yenhlanzeko.

B. Okuqukethwe KweManganese Okudlulele

Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kufanele kuthobelane namazinga amanzi okuphuza, acacisa ukuthi kufanele abe phakathi kuka-1.0mg/L.Noma yiliphi inani elingaphezu kwaleli zinga lithathwa njengelingathobeli.Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqukethwe kwe-manganese engathobeli ukuthi i-manganese iyisici esinezici eziningi, futhi ama-ion e-divalent manganese (Mn2+) ayancibilika emanzini, ngakho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile aqukethe i-manganese.Ukukhetha okungafanele kwendawo yomthombo wamanzi ngokuvamile kungaholela ekubeni khona kwe-manganese eningi emanzini.Ukudla kakhulu i-manganese kuwubuthi obungapheli emzimbeni womuntu, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinzwa, futhi kunephunga elinamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kungcolisa impahla yenhlanzeko.

Isethulo senqubo yokwelapha ukuhlanzwa kwe-ozone emanzini angaphansi kwensimbi ne-manganese edlula izinga

Inqubo yokwelapha ukuhlanzwa kwe-ozone iyindlela yanamuhla yokwelapha amanzi ethuthukisiwe, engasusa ngempumelelo umbala nephunga emanzini.Ikakhulukazi, inomthelela omuhle wokwelapha ezintweni ezingazodwana ezifana ne-iron ne-manganese eningi, i-ammonia nitrogen eyeqile, ukususwa kombala, ukuqeda iphunga, nokucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

I-ozone inamandla amakhulu e-oxidizing futhi ingenye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu ezaziwa.Amangqamuzana e-ozone angama-diamagnetic futhi ahlangana kalula nama-electron amaningi ukuze akhe ama-athomu e-ion angalungile;isigamu sempilo ye-ozone emanzini cishe imizuzu engama-35, kuye ngokuthi izinga lamanzi nokushisa kwamanzi;Okubi kakhulu, azikho izinsalela ezihlala emanzini ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-ozone oxidation.Ngeke kungcolise futhi kunenzuzo enkulu empilweni yomuntu;inqubo yokwelashwa kwe-ozone ilula futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa ziphansi.

Inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi e-ozone ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ikhono le-oxidation le-ozone.Umqondo oyisisekelo uthi: okokuqala, hlanganisa ngokugcwele i-ozone emthonjeni wamanzi ukuze ulashwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabela okuphelele kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-ozone nezinto eziqondiwe ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ezingancibiliki emanzini;okwesibili, ngokusebenzisa Isihlungi sihlunga ukungcola emanzini;ekugcineni, ibulawa amagciwane ukuze ikhiqizele abasebenzisi amanzi okuphuza afanelekayo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe Bokuhlanza I-Ozone Yamanzi Okuphuza

Izinzuzo Ezijwayelekile Ze-Ozone

Ukwelashwa kokuhlanzwa kwe-ozone kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

(1) Ingathuthukisa izici zamanzi ngenkathi iwacwenga, futhi ikhiqize ukungcola kwamakhemikhali ambalwa okwengeziwe.

(2) Ayikhiqizi iphunga elifana ne-chlorophenol.

(3) Ayikhiqizi i-disinfection by-products efana ne-trihalomethanes evela ku-chlorine disinfection.

(4) I-ozone ingakhiqizwa lapho kukhona umoya futhi idinga amandla kagesi kuphela ukuze iwuthole.

(5) Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okuthile okukhethekile, okufana nezimboni zokucubungula ukudla, ukukhiqiza iziphuzo, nezimboni ze-microelectronics, ukukhishwa kwe-ozone akudingi inqubo eyengeziwe yokukhipha isibulala-magciwane esiningi emanzini ahlanzekile, njengoba kwenzeka ngokubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine kanye nenqubo yokukhishwa kwe-chlorine.

Izinzuzo Ezingenazinsalela kanye Nezemvelo Zokwelashwa Kwe-Ozone Purification

Ngenxa yamandla e-ozone aphezulu oksijini uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chlorine, inomphumela onamandla wokubulala amagciwane futhi isebenza ngokushesha kumagciwane asebenzisa kancane kakhulu, futhi ayithinteki kakhulu i-pH.

Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-0.45mg/L ye-ozone, igciwane le-poliomyelitis liyafa emizuzwini emi-2;kuyilapho ngokubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine, umthamo ongu-2mg/L udinga amahora angu-3.Lapho i-1mL yamanzi iqukethe i-274-325 E. coli, inani le-E. coli lingancishiswa ngo-86% ngesilinganiso se-ozone esingu-1mg/L;ngesilinganiso esingu-2mg/L, amanzi angacishe abulawe amagciwane.

3. Izinzuzo zokuphepha zokwelashwa kokuhlanzwa kwe-ozone

Enqubweni yokulungiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, i-ozone idinga amandla kagesi kuphela futhi ayidingi noma yiziphi ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali.Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi kuyo yonke inqubo, i-ozone inezinzuzo ezicacile zokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chlorine dioxide ne-chlorine disinfection.

① Mayelana nokuphepha kwempahla eluhlaza, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ozone kudinga kuphela ukuhlukaniswa komoya futhi akudingi ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa.Ukulungiswa kokubulala amagciwane kwe-chlorine dioxide kudinga izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid ne-potassium chlorate, enezinkinga zokuphepha futhi engaphansi kwezilawuli zokuphepha.

② Ngokombono wenqubo yokukhiqiza, inqubo yokulungiselela i-ozone iphephile futhi kulula ukuyilawula;kuyilapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kunezici eziningi zokuphepha futhi kunzima ukuzilawula.

③ Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ozone nakho kuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa;kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izinkinga, ukukhishwa kwe-chlorine kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu kumishini nakubantu.