Isingeniso se-Working Principle of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane:
I-RO isifinyezo se-Reverse Osmosis ngesiNgisi futhi isho anti-osmosis ngesiShayina.Ngokuvamile, ukunyakaza kwama-molecule amanzi kusuka ekugxilweni okuphansi kuya ekugxilweni okuphezulu.Kodwa-ke, lapho ukucindezela kusetshenziswa ohlangothini lwe-inlet, isiqondiso sokunyakaza kwama-molecule amanzi siyahlehliswa, kusukela ekugxilweni okuphezulu kuya ekugxilweni okuphansi, yingakho igama elithi reverse osmosis.
Umgomo we-RO membrane: I-RO membrane, eyaziwa nangokuthi ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukanisa uketshezi olukhulu kunosayizi wembotshana yolwelwesi ngomehluko wengcindezi njengamandla okushayela.Uketshezi olwenziwa ukuhlungwa kwe-membrane lungaphansi kwengcindezi.Lapho ingcindezi idlula ingcindezi ye-osmotic ye-membrane ye-RO, uketshezi luzongena kwelinye icala.Uketshezi oluncane kunosayizi wembotshana luzokhishwa phakathi nenqubo yokugqobhoza, kuyilapho uketshezi olunokugxiliswa okuphezulu kunosayizi wembotshana luzovinjelwa ulwelwesi futhi lukhishwe ngomzila wamanzi agxilile.Lezi zenzo zisebenza ukuhlanza, ukuhlukanisa nokugxilisa uketshezi lwangempela.
Izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile zolwelwesi lwe-RO izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini, ukugeleza kwamanzi, nezinga lokubuyisela.Izinga lokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini libhekisela ezingeni lokuhlanzeka lapho ulwelwesi lubamba khona ama-ion, ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhipha usawoti emanzini uma lubamba ama-ion ngempumelelo kakhulu.Esinye isibonakaliso sokusebenza esiyinhloko yi-flux, ebhekisela enanini lama-molecule amanzi angangena endaweni yeyunithi yolwelwesi.Uma i-flux ikhula, ngcono ukusebenza kwe-membrane.Izinga lokubuyisela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, libhekisela esilinganisweni samanzi ahlanzekile okufanele agxiliswe ngaso ngenkathi ulwelwesi lusebenza, ngenani eliphakeme elibonisa ukusebenza okungcono kolwelwesi.
Ngenxa yalezi zici ezintathu ezibalulekile zolwelwesi lwe-RO, ukuthuthukiswa kolwelwesi lwe-RO kuye kwaqondiswa ekuzuzeni impumelelo ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amakhulu, nezinga eliphezulu lokululama, ngakunye okungase kukhiqize izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho.
Kuzakhi zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, ezimweni eziningi umthombo wamanzi awukwazi ukungena ezakhini ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuthi ukungcola okuqukethwe kungangcolisa ulwelwesi futhi kuthinte ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-elementi ye-membrane.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuyinqubo yokwelapha amanzi aluhlaza ngokuhambisana nezici zokungcola okukuwo, ngezinqubo ezifanele, ukuze akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufaka ku-reverse osmosis membrane elements.Ngenxa yokuthi itholakala ngaphambi kwe-osmosis ehlehla kuyo yonke inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi, ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.
Inhloso yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ezinhlelweni ze-osmosis ehlane iwukuba: 1) ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwe-membrane ebusweni, okungukuthi ukuvimbela ukungcola okumisiwe, ama-microorganisms, izinto ze-colloidal, njll. ukuthi zinamathele ebusweni bolwelwesi noma ukuvala umzila wokugeleza kwamanzi wesici solwelwesi;2) vimbela ukukala ebusweni be-membrane.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-reverse osmosis device, amanye ama-salts okunzima ukuwancibilikisa njenge-CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2 angase afake phezu kwe-membrane ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwalokhu okunzima- ukuncibilikisa usawoti;
3) qinisekisa ukuthi ulwelwesi alukho ngaphansi kokulimala komshini noma kwamakhemikhali, ukuze ulwelwesi lusebenze kahle kanye nesikhathi sokuphila esanele.
Ukukhethwa kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwangaphambili zezinhlelo ze-osmosis ezihlehlayo zimi kanje:
1) Ngamanzi angaphezulu anokuqukethwe okuqinile okumisiwe okungaphansi kuka-50mg/L, indlela yokuhlunga eqondile ingasetshenziswa;
2) Ngamanzi angaphezulu anokuqukethwe okuqinile okumisiwe okungaphezu kuka-50mg/L, indlela yokuhlanganisa, ukucacisa, yokuhlunga ingasetshenziswa;
3) Ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba anensimbi engaphansi kuka-0.3mg/L kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile okumisiwe okungaphansi kuka-20mg/L, indlela yokuhlunga eqondile ingasetshenziswa;
4) Ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba anensimbi engaphansi kuka-0.3mg/L kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile okumisiwe okungaphezu kuka-20mg/L, indlela yokuhlunga eqondile ingasetshenziswa;
5) Ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba anokuqukethwe kwensimbi okukhulu kune-0.3mg/L, i-oxidation kanye nokususwa kwensimbi kufanele kucatshangelwe, kulandelwe ukuhlunga okuqondile noma inqubo yokuhlunga okuqondile kwe-coagulation.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-organic emanzini aluhlaza kuphezulu, ukucwiliswa kwe-chlorine, ukuhlangana, ukucacisa kanye nokuhlunga kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha.Uma lokhu kwelashwa kungenele, ukuhlunga kwekhabhoni okucushiwe kungasetshenziswa futhi ukususa izinto eziphilayo.Uma ubulukhuni bamanzi aluhlaza buphezulu futhi i-CaCO3 isazohlala phezu kwe-osmosis membrane surface ngemva kokwelashwa, ukuthambisa noma ukwelashwa kwe-lime kungasetshenziswa.Lapho omunye usawoti onzima ukuncibilika ukhuphuka futhi ulinganisela ohlelweni lwe-RO, ama-anti-scaling agents kufanele asetshenziswe.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-barium ne-strontium ingase ingabi khona ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi aluhlaza.Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, zingakha kalula izikali endaweni ye-membrane inqobo nje uma okuqukethwe kwe-sulfate emanzini kungaphezu kuka-0.01mg/L.Lezi zikali zinzima ukuzihlanza ngakho-ke kufanele zivinjwe ukuthi zingakheki ebusweni be-membrane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-silica emanzini aluhlaza kuphezulu, i-lime, i-magnesium oxide (noma impushana emhlophe) ingangezwa ukuze zelashwe.Uma ukugxila kwe-silica emanzini okuphakelayo kwe-RO kungaphezu kuka-20mg/L, ukuhlolwa kokuthambekela kokukala kufanele kwenziwe.Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuhlanza isikali se-silica, kudingekile kakhulu ukuvinjelwa ekubunjweni kwe-membrane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-01-2023