Uhlelo lwe-EDI (Electrodeionization) lisebenzisa inhlaka yokushintshisana ye-ion exubile ukuze ikhangise ama-cations nama-anion emanzini aluhlaza.Ama-ion adsorbed abe esesuswa ngokudlula ku-cation kanye ne-anion exchange membranes ngaphansi kwesenzo se-voltage yamanje eqondile.Uhlelo lwe-EDI ngokuvamile luqukethe amapheya amaningi e-anion eshintshanayo kanye nolwelwesi olushintshayo lwe-cation nama-spacers, okwenza ikhompathimenti yokugxilisa ingqondo kanye nekhompathimenti encibilikayo (okungukuthi, ama-cations angangena ngolwelwesi lokushintshisana kwe-cation, kuyilapho ama-anion angangena ngolwelwesi lwe-anion exchange).
Engxenyeni ye-dilute, ama-cations emanzini athuthela ku-electrode engalungile futhi adlule kulwelwesi lokushintshisana kwe-cation, lapho abanjwa khona ulwelwesi lokushintshisana kwe-anion endaweni yokugxilisa ingqondo;ama-anion emanzini athuthela ku-electrode ephozithivu futhi adlule kulwelwesi lwe-anion exchange, lapho abanjwa khona ulwelwesi lokushintshisana kwe-cation endaweni yokugxilisa ingqondo.Inani lama-ion emanzini liyancipha kancane kancane njengoba lidlula endaweni encibilikayo, okuholela emanzini ahlanzekile, kuyilapho ukugxila kwezinhlobo ze-ionic endaweni yokugxilisa ingqondo kukhuphuka njalo, okuholela emanzini agxilile.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-EDI lufinyelela umgomo wokuhlanjululwa, ukuhlanzwa, ukugxilisa ingqondo, noma ukucwengwa.I-ion exchange resin esetshenziswe kule nqubo ivuselelwa ngokuqhubekayo ngogesi, ngakho ayidingi ukuvuselelwa nge-asidi noma i-alkali.Lobu buchwepheshe obusha kumishini yamanzi ahlanzekile ye-EDI bungangena esikhundleni semishini yokushintshisana ye-ion evamile ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu afika ku-18 MΩ.cm.
Izinzuzo ze-EDI Purified Water Equipment System:
1. Akukho ukuvuselelwa kwe-asidi noma i-alkali edingekayo: Kuhlelo lombhede oxubile, i-resin idinga ukuvuselelwa ngama-ejenti amakhemikhali, kuyilapho i-EDI iqeda ukuphathwa kwalezi zinto eziyingozi kanye nomsebenzi oyisicefe.Lokhu kuvikela imvelo.
2. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokulula: Kuhlelo lwemibhede exubile, inqubo yokusebenza iba nzima ngenxa yezinga elishintshayo lamanzi ngokuvuselelwa ngakunye, kuyilapho inqubo yokukhiqiza amanzi ku-EDI izinzile futhi iyaqhubeka, futhi ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlala njalo.Azikho izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza, okwenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu.
3. Izidingo zokufaka eziphansi: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zemibhede exubile eziphatha umthamo wamanzi ofanayo, izinhlelo ze-EDI zinevolumu encane.Basebenzisa umklamo we-modular ongakhiwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni nesikhala sesayithi yokufaka.Idizayini ye-modular futhi yenza kube lula ukugcina uhlelo lwe-EDI ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyinkinga evamile embonini ye-RO, enciphisa izinga lokukhiqiza amanzi, ikhuphule umfutho we-inlet, futhi yehlise amazinga okukhipha usawoti emanzini, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kohlelo lwe-RO.Uma ziyekwa zingalashwa, izingxenye ze-membrane zizolimala unomphela.I-Biofouling ibangela ukwanda komehluko wengcindezi, okwenza izindawo zokugeleza okuphansi endaweni ye-membrane, okuqinisa ukwakheka kwe-colloidal fouling, inorganic fouling, kanye nokukhula kwe-microbial.
Phakathi nezigaba zokuqala ze-biofouling, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamanzi elijwayelekile liyehla, umehluko we-inlet pressure uyakhuphuka, futhi izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lihlala lingashintshile noma lenyuke kancane.Njengoba i-biofilm yakheka kancane kancane, izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini liqala ukwehla, kuyilapho ukungcoliswa kwe-colloidal kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-inorganic nakho kuyanda.
Ukungcola kwe-organic kungenzeka kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-membrane futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kungasheshisa ukukhula.Ngakho-ke, isimo se-biofouling kudivayisi yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele sihlolwe, ikakhulukazi isistimu yamapayipi efanele yokwelashwa kwangaphambili.
Kubalulekile ukuthola nokwelapha ukungcola ezigabeni zokuqala zokunukubezeka kwezinto eziphilayo njengoba kuba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nakho lapho i-microbial biofilm isithuthuke ngezinga elithile.
Izinyathelo eziqondile zokuhlanza izinto eziphilayo yilezi:
Isinyathelo 1: Engeza ama-alkaline surfactants kanye nama-chelating agents, angacekela phansi ama-organic blockages, okwenza i-biofilm iguge futhi iqhume.
Izimo zokuhlanza: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, umjikelezo futhi cwilisa amahora angu-4.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Sebenzisa ama-non-oxidizing agents ukususa amagciwane, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, imvubelo, nesikhunta, kanye nokuqeda izinto eziphilayo.
Izimo zokuhlanza: 30℃, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni ambalwa (kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokuhlanza).
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Engeza ama-alkaline surfactants kanye nama-chelating agents ukuze ususe izingcezwana ze-microbial kanye ne-organic matter.
Izimo zokuhlanza: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, umjikelezo futhi cwilisa amahora angu-4.
Kuye ngesimo sangempela, i-ejenti yokuhlanza i-acidic ingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola okusele kwe-inorganic emva kwesinyathelo sesi-3. Ukuhleleka okusetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali okuhlanza kubalulekile, njengoba amanye ama-humic acid angaba nzima ukuwakhipha ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic.Uma kungekho izakhiwo ze-determinate sediment, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-alkaline yokuhlanza i-agent kuqala.
I-Ultrafiltration iyinqubo yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi olusekelwe esimisweni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-sieve futhi iqhutshwa ukucindezela.Ukunemba kokuhlunga kungaphakathi kwebanga elingu-0.005-0.01μm.Ingakwazi ukususa ngokuphumelelayo izinhlayiya, ama-colloid, ama-endotoxins, nezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana emanzini.Ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlukaniseni izinto, ekugxiliseni nasekuhlanzeni.Inqubo ye-ultrafiltration ayinakho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, isebenza ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezizwela ukushisa.Inokumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana ne-asidi-alkali, nokumelana ne-oxidation, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-pH 2-11 kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-60 ℃.
Ububanzi bangaphandle bomucu ongenalutho bungu-0.5-2.0mm, kanti ububanzi obungaphakathi bungu-0.3-1.4mm.Udonga lweshubhu ye-fiber engenalutho lumbozwe ama-micropores, futhi usayizi we-pore uvezwa ngokwesisindo samangqamuzana ento engakwazi ukunqanyulwa, ngobubanzi bokunqamula isisindo samangqamuzana ezinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuya kwamakhulu amaningana ezinkulungwane.Amanzi aluhlaza ageleza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi kwefayibha engenalutho, ngokulandelana kwakhe uhlobo lwengcindezi yangaphandle kanye nohlobo lwengcindezi yangaphakathi.I-Ultrafiltration iyinqubo yokuhlunga eguquguqukayo, futhi izinto ezibanjwayo zingakhishwa kancane kancane ngokugxila, ngaphandle kokuvimbela i-membrane ebusweni, futhi ingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside.
Izici Zokuhlunga kwe-UF Ultrafiltration Membrane:
1. Uhlelo lwe-UF lunezinga eliphezulu lokutakula kanye nokucindezela okuphansi kokusebenza, okungafinyelela ukuhlanzwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanzeka, nokugxila kwezinto.
2. Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwesistimu ye-UF ayinakho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, futhi ayithinti ukwakheka kwezinto.Ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanzwa, kanye nezinqubo zokugxila zihlala zisezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezifanele ukwelashwa kwezinto ezingezwani nokushisa, zigwema ngokuphelele ubungozi bokulimala kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ezintweni ezisebenzayo zebhayoloji, futhi zilondoloze ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezingxenye zomsoco endaweni. uhlelo lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
3. Uhlelo lwe-UF lunokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, imijikelezo emifushane yokukhiqiza, nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yenqubo evamile, enganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi ithuthukise izinzuzo zezomnotho zamabhizinisi.
4. Uhlelo lwe-UF lunomklamo othuthukisiwe wenqubo, izinga eliphezulu lokudidiyela, ukwakheka okuhlangene, unyawo oluncane, ukusebenza okulula nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa, kanye namandla aphansi okusebenza kwabasebenzi.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlunga kwe-UF ultrafiltration membrane:
Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, ukwelashwa kokuhlanzwa kweziphuzo, amanzi okuphuza, namanzi amaminerali, ukuhlukaniswa, ukugxila, nokuhlanzwa kwemikhiqizo yezimboni, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, upende we-electrophoretic, nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-electroplating.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakela amanzi ngomfutho oguquguqukayo wenziwa yikhabhinethi yokulawula imvamisa eguquguqukayo, isistimu yokulawula ezishintshayo, iyunithi yephampu yamanzi, isistimu yokuqapha ekude, ithangi le-pressure buffer, inzwa yokucindezela, njll. Ingabona umfutho wamanzi ozinzile ekupheleni kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ezinzile. uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi, nokonga ugesi.
Ukusebenza nezici zayo:
1. Izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalela nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile: Imishini ilawulwa iphrosesa emaphakathi ehlakaniphile, ukusebenza nokushintshwa kwephampu esebenzayo nepompo yokulinda kuzenzakalela ngokuphelele, futhi amaphutha abikwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuthola ngokushesha. imbangela yephutha kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu.Umthetho we-PID ovaliwe we-loop uyamukelwa, futhi ukunemba okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi kuphezulu, nokuguquguquka okuncane kokucindezela kwamanzi.Ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene esethiwe, ingafinyelela ukusebenza okungagadiwe ngempela.
2. Ukulawula okunengqondo: Ukulawula ukuqala okuthambile kokujikeleza kwamaphampu amaningi kwamukelwa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela nokuphazamiseka kugridi yamandla okubangelwa ukuqala okuqondile.Isimiso sokusebenza sesiqalo sephampu esiyinhloko sithi: qala uvule bese umisa, qala ume bese uvula, amathuba alinganayo, ahambisana nokwelula impilo yeyunithi.
3. Imisebenzi egcwele: Inemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuvikela ezenzakalelayo njengokulayisha ngokweqile, isifunda esifushane, kanye ne-overcurrent.Izinto zokusebenza zisebenza ngokuzinzile, ngokwethembekile, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa nokuyinakekela.Inemisebenzi efana nokumisa iphampu uma kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwamanzi nokushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwepompo yamanzi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.Ngokuphathelene nokunikezwa kwamanzi okunesikhathi, angasethwa njengokulawula ukushintsha okunesikhathi ngeyunithi yokulawula emaphakathi ohlelweni ukuze kufinyelelwe ukushintsha okunesikhathi kwephampu yamanzi.Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusebenza: i-manual, i-othomathikhi, nesinyathelo esisodwa (itholakala kuphela uma kunesikrini sokuthinta) ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
4. Ukuqapha okukude (umsebenzi ozikhethela wona): Ngokusekelwe ekutadisheni ngokugcwele imikhiqizo yasekhaya neyangaphandle kanye nezidingo zabasebenzisi futhi kuhlanganiswe nolwazi oluzenzakalelayo lwabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe iminyaka eminingi, uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lwemishini yokuphakelwa kwamanzi yakhelwe ukuqapha nokuqapha uhlelo. umthamo wamanzi, umfutho wamanzi, ileveli yoketshezi, njll. ngokuqapha okukude okuku-inthanethi, nokuqapha ngokuqondile nokurekhoda izimo zokusebenza zesistimu futhi unikeze impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngesofthiwe yokumisa enamandla.Idatha eqoqiwe iyacutshungulwa futhi ihlinzekelwe ukuphathwa kwesizindalwazi senethiwekhi yalo lonke uhlelo ukuze kuphenywe futhi kuhlaziywe.Ingase futhi isetshenziswe futhi iqashwe ukude nge-inthanethi, ukuhlaziya amaphutha kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi.
5. Inhlanzeko kanye Nokonga Amandla: Ngokushintsha isivinini semoto ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo, ukucindezela kwenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi kungagcinwa njalo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokonga amandla kungafinyelela ku-60%.Ukugeleza kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±0.01Mpa.
1. Indlela yesampula yamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu iyahlukahluka kuye ngephrojekthi yokuhlola kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe edingekayo.
Ukuhlola okungekho ku-inthanethi: Isampula lamanzi kufanele liqoqwe kusenesikhathi futhi lihlaziywe ngokushesha okukhulu.Iphoyinti lokusampula kufanele limelele njengoba lithinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yedatha yokuhlola.
2. Ukulungiswa kwesiqukathi:
Ukuze kuthathwe isampula ye-silicon, ama-cations, ama-anion kanye nezinhlayiya, iziqukathi zepulasitiki ze-polyethylene kufanele zisetshenziswe.
Ukuze kuthathwe isampula yekhabhoni ephilayo ephelele kanye nama-microorganisms, amabhodlela engilazi anezivalo zengilazi eziphansi kufanele zisetshenziswe.
3. Indlela yokucubungula yamabhodlela amasampula:
3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cation kanye nengqikithi ye-silicon: Cwilisa amabhodlela angu-3 ka-500 mL wamabhodlela amanzi ahlanzekile noma amabhodlela e-hydrochloric acid anezinga lokuhlanzeka elingaphezu kokuhlanzeka okuphakeme ku-1mol hydrochloric acid ngobusuku obubodwa, washa ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 (isikhathi ngasinye, qhaqhazela ngamandla umzuzu ongu-1 cishe nge-150 mL yamanzi ahlanzekile bese ulahla futhi uphinde ukuhlanza), uwagcwalise ngamanzi ahlanzekile, hlanza i-cap yebhodlela ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu, uyivale ngokuqinile, futhi uyivumele ime ubusuku bonke.
3.2 Ukuhlaziya i-anion nezinhlayiyana: Cwilisa amabhodlela angu-3 angu-500 mL wamabhodlela amanzi ahlanzekile noma amabhodlela e-H2O2 anezinga lokuhlanzeka elingaphezu kokuhlanzeka okuphakeme kusixazululo esingu-1mol NaOH ngobusuku obubodwa, futhi uwahlanze njengaku-3.1.
3.4 Ukuze kuhlaziywe amagciwane kanye ne-TOC: Gcwalisa amabhodlela angu-3 wamabhodlela engilazi angu-50mL-100mL ngesisombululo sokuhlanza se-potassium dichromate sulfuric acid, uwafake, uwacwilise nge-asidi ubusuku bonke, uwageze ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 (isikhathi ngasinye. , qhaqhazela ngamandla iminithi elingu-1, ulahle, futhi uphinde ukuhlanza), hlanza i-cap yebhodlela ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu, futhi uyivale ngokuqinile.Bese uwafaka embizeni enengcindezi ephezulu ** yesteam esinomfutho ophezulu imizuzu engama-30.
4. Indlela yesampula:
4.1 Ukuhlaziya i-anion, i-cation kanye nezinhlayiyana, ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula elisemthethweni, thela amanzi ebhodleleni bese uwageza izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu, bese ujova u-350-400mL wamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, uhlanze. ikepisi yebhodlela ngamanzi acwenge kakhulu bese uyivala ngokuqinile, bese uyivala esikhwameni sepulasitiki esihlanzekile.
4.2 Ukuhlaziya i-microorganism kanye ne-TOC, thela amanzi ebhodleleni ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula elisemthethweni, ligcwalise ngamanzi acwenge kakhulu, bese ulivala ngokushesha ngekepisi lebhodlela elivalwe inzalo bese ulivala esikhwameni sepulasitiki esihlanzekile.
I-resin ecwebezelayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhangisa kanye nokushintshanisa amanani e-ion emanzini.Inani lokumelana nogesi ongenisayo ngokuvamile lingaphezu kwama-megaohm angu-15, futhi isihlungi se-resin esicwebezelayo sitholakala ekupheleni kwesistimu yokuhlanza amanzi ahlanzekile (inqubo: izigaba ezimbili ze-RO + EDI + polishing resin) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi aphuma ohlelweni. izinga lingahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.Ngokuvamile, ikhwalithi yamanzi okukhiphayo ingaqiniswa ibe ngaphezu kwama-megaohm angu-18, futhi inekhono elithile lokulawula phezu kwe-TOC ne-SiO2.Izinhlobo ze-ion ze-polish resin ziyi-H ne-OH, futhi zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokugcwalisa ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi ephezulu.
Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe lapho ushintsha i-resin yokupholisha:
1. Sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ukuhlanza ithangi lokuhlunga ngaphambi kokushintshwa.Uma amanzi edinga ukungezwa ukuze kube lula ukugcwaliswa, amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele asetshenziswe futhi amanzi kufanele akhishwe ngokushesha noma akhishwe ngemva kokuba i-resin ingena ethangini le-resin ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwe-resin.
2. Lapho ugcwalisa i-resin, okokusebenza okuthinta i-resin kufanele kuhlanzwe ukuze kuvinjwe amafutha ukuthi angangeni ethangini lesihlungi se-resin.
3. Lapho ushintsha inhlaka egcwele, ishubhu eliphakathi nendawo kanye nomqoqi wamanzi kufanele kuhlanzwe ngokuphelele, futhi akumele kube nezinsalela zenhlaka endala ngaphansi kwethangi, ngaphandle kwalokho lezi zinsalela ezisetshenzisiwe zizongcolisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.
4. Iringi ye-O-ring esetshenziswayo kufanele ishintshwe njalo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye ezifanele kufanele zihlolwe futhi zishintshwe ngokushesha uma zonakalisiwe ngesikhathi sokushintshwa ngakunye.
5. Uma usebenzisa ithangi lokuhlunga le-FRP (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithangi le-fiberglass) njengombhede we-resin, umqoqi wamanzi kufanele ashiywe ethangini ngaphambi kokugcwalisa inhlaka.Phakathi nenqubo yokugcwalisa, umqoqi wamanzi kufanele anyakaziswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze alungise isikhundla sakhe futhi afake isembozo.
6. Ngemva kokugcwalisa inhlaka nokuxhuma ipayipi lokuhlunga, vula imbobo yokukhipha umoya phezulu ethangini lokuhlunga kuqala, kancane kancane uthele amanzi kuze kube yilapho imbobo yokukhipha umoya igcwala futhi kungabe kusakhiqizwa amagwebu, bese uvala imbobo yokukhipha umoya ukuze uqale ukwenza. amanzi.
Imishini yamanzi ahlanzekile isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nemithi, izimonyo, nokudla.Njengamanje, izinqubo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo ubuchwepheshe be-osmosis obuyizigaba ezimbili noma ubuchwepheshe be-reverse osmosis + EDI obunezigaba ezimbili.Izingxenye ezihlangana namanzi zisebenzisa izinto ze-SUS304 noma ze-SUS316.Ehlanganiswe nenqubo eyinhlanganisela, alawula okuqukethwe kwe-ion nokubala kwamagciwane kukhwalithi yamanzi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi engaguquki ekupheleni kokusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kwezinto zokusebenza ekuphathweni kwansuku zonke.
1. Shintsha njalo ama-cartridges okuhlunga nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, landela ngokuqinile imanuwali yokusebenza kwemishini ukuze ushintshe izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlobene;
2. Qinisekisa njalo izimo zokusebenza zamathuluzi mathupha, njengokuvula uhlelo lokuhlanza ngaphambi kokwelashwa mathupha, kanye nokuhlola imisebenzi yokuvikela efana ne-voltage engaphansi, ukugcwala ngokweqile, ikhwalithi yamanzi edlula amazinga kanye nezinga loketshezi;
3. Thatha amasampula endaweni ngayinye ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwengxenye ngayinye;
4. Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza ukuze uhlole izimo zokusebenza zempahla futhi urekhode imingcele yokusebenza yezobuchwepheshe efanele;
5. Ukulawula njalo ukwanda kwama-microorganisms kumishini kanye namapayipi okudlulisela ngempumelelo.
Izisetshenziswa zamanzi ahlanzekile ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-osmosis ehlehlayo ukuze zisuse ukungcola, usawoti, nemithombo yokushisa emanzini, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nemithi, izibhedlela, kanye nomkhakha wamakhemikhali we-biochemical.
Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bezinto zamanzi ahlanzekile busebenzisa izinqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-reverse osmosis kanye ne-EDI ukuklama isethi ephelele yezinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi ahlanzekile ezinezici ezihlosiwe.Ngakho-ke, imishini yamanzi ahlanzekile kufanele igcinwe futhi inakekelwe kanjani nsuku zonke?Amathiphu alandelayo angase abe usizo:
Izihlungi zesihlabathi nezihlungi zekhabhoni kufanele zihlanzwe okungenani njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2-3.Hlanza isihlungi sesihlabathi kuqala bese emva kwalokho isihlungi sekhabhoni.Yenza i-backwashing ngaphambi kokugeza phambili.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zesihlabathi se-quartz kufanele zishintshwe ngemva kweminyaka emi-3, futhi okudlekayo kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kufanele kushintshwe ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-18.
Isihlungi esinembayo sidinga ukukhanywa kuphela kanye ngeviki.Isihlungi se-PP esingaphakathi kwesihlungi esinembayo kufanele sihlanzwe kanye ngenyanga.Isihlungi singahlakazwa futhi sikhishwe egobolondweni, sihlanjululwe ngamanzi, bese sihlanganiswa kabusha.Kutuswa ukuyishintsha ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3.
Isihlabathi sequartz noma ikhabhoni ecushiwe ngaphakathi kwesihlungi sesihlabathi noma isihlungi sekhabhoni kufanele sihlanzwe futhi sishintshwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12.
Uma okokusebenza kungasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise okungenani amahora ama-2 njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2.Uma okokusebenza kuvalwa ebusuku, isihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz nesihlungi sekhabhoni esicushiwe singawashwa ngemuva kusetshenziswa amanzi ompompi njengamanzi aluhlaza.
Uma ukuncishiswa kancane kancane kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi ngo-15% noma ukwehla kancane kancane kwekhwalithi yamanzi kudlula izinga akubangelwa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, kusho ukuthi ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluphambene ludinga ukuhlanzwa ngamakhemikhali.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.Ngemva kokuvela kwenkinga, hlola irekhodi lokusebenza ngokuningiliziwe futhi uhlaziye imbangela yephutha.
Izici zemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile:
Idizayini elula, ethembekile, futhi kulula ukuyifaka.
Yonke imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ahlanzekile yenziwe ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali yekhwalithi ephezulu, ebushelelezi, engenama-engeli afile, futhi kulula ukuyihlanza.Iyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala nokuvimbela ukugqwala.
Ukusebenzisa amanzi kampompi ngokuqondile ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile kungashintsha ngokuphelele amanzi acwecwe kanye namanzi acwecwe kabili.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko (ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, imojula ye-EDI, njll.) zingenisiwe.
Uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele oluzenzakalelayo (PLC + isikhombimsebenzisi somshini womuntu) lungenza ukugeza okuzenzakalelayo okusebenzayo.
Amathuluzi angenisiwe angakwazi ukuhlaziya ngokunembile, ngokuqhubekayo, futhi abonise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
I-Reverse Osmosis membrane iyiyunithi yokucubungula ebalulekile ye-reverse osmosis yamanzi ahlanzekile.Ukuhlanzwa nokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi kuncike kuyunithi ye-membrane ukuze iqedele.Ukufakwa kahle kwe-membrane element kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini ye-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi ezinzile.
Indlela Yokufaka Ye-Reverse Osmosis Membrane Yezisetshenziswa Zamanzi Ezihlanzekile:
1. Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukucaciswa, imodeli, kanye nenani le-reverse osmosis membrane element.
2. Faka i-O-ring endaweni yokuxhuma.Lapho ufaka, amafutha okugcoba afana noVaseline angasetshenziswa ku-O-ring njengoba kudingeka ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-O-ring.
3. Susa amapuleti okuphela kuzo zombili iziphetho zomkhumbi wokucindezela.Hlanza umkhumbi wokucindezela ovuliwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi uhlanze udonga lwangaphakathi.
4. Ngokusho komhlahlandlela womhlangano womkhumbi wokucindezela, faka ipuleti lokumisa kanye nepuleti lokugcina ohlangothini lwamanzi olugxilile lomkhumbi wokucindezela.
5. Faka i-RO reverse osmosis membrane element.Faka isiphetho sesici se-membrane ngaphandle kwendandatho yokuvala amanzi anosawoti ngokuhambisana ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi (enhla nomfula) womkhumbi wokucindezela, bese ucindezela kancane u-2/3 we-elementi ngaphakathi.
6. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, phusha igobolondo le-osmosis elibuyela emuva lisuke endaweni yokungena liye ekugcineni lamanzi agxilile.Uma ifakwe ngokuphambene, izodala umonakalo ku-concentrated water seal kanye ne-membrane element.
7. Faka ipulaki yokuxhuma.Ngemva kokubeka yonke i-elementi ye-membrane emkhunjini wokucindezela, faka i-joint yokuxhuma phakathi kwezinto phakathi kwepayipi elimaphakathi lokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwe-elementi, futhi njengoba kudingeka, sebenzisa okokugcoba okusekelwe ku-silicone ku-O-ring yelunga ngaphambi kokufakwa.
8. Ngemva kokugcwalisa zonke izakhi zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis reverse, faka ipayipi lokuxhuma.
Okungenhla kuyindlela yokufaka i-reverse osmosis membrane yemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile.Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokufakwa, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.
Isihlungi esisebenza ngomshini sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwehlisa ukungcola kwamanzi aluhlaza.Amanzi aluhlaza athunyelwa kusihlungi esisebenza ngomshini esigcwele amabanga ahlukahlukene esihlabathi se-quartz esifanisiwe.Ngokusebenzisa ikhono lokuvimba elingcolile lesihlabathi se-quartz, izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezimisiwe kanye nama-colloid emanzini angasuswa ngempumelelo, futhi ukungcola kwamanzi angcolile kuzoba ngaphansi kuka-1mg/L, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo.
Ama-coagulant ayengezwa epayipini lamanzi aluhlaza.I-coagulant idlula i-ion hydrolysis kanye ne-polymerization emanzini.Imikhiqizo ehlukene evela ku-hydrolysis kanye nokuhlanganisa ikhangiswa kakhulu yizinhlayiya ze-colloid emanzini, inciphisa ukushajwa kwendawo eyizinhlayiyana kanye nokuqina kokusabalalisa kanyekanye.Ikhono lokuxosha izinhlayiyana liyehla, zizosondelana futhi zihlangane.I-polymer ekhiqizwa i-hydrolysis izokhangiswa ngama-colloid amabili noma ngaphezulu ukuze ikhiqize ukuxhumana kwamabhuloho phakathi kwezinhlayiya, kancane kancane yakhe ama-flocs amakhulu.Lapho amanzi aluhlaza edlula kusihlungi esisebenza ngomshini, azogcinwa yisihlungi sesanti.
I-adsorption yesihlungi semishini yinqubo yokukhangisa ngokomzimba, engahlukaniswa cishe ibe indawo evulekile (isihlabathi esimahhadla) kanye nendawo eminyene (isihlabathi esihle) ngokuya ngendlela yokugcwalisa yezinto zokuhlunga.Izinto ezilengayo ikakhulukazi zakha ukuhlangana kokuxhumana endaweni evulekile ngokuthintana okugelezayo, ukuze le ndawo ibambe izinhlayiya ezinkulu.Endaweni eminyene, ukungenelela kuncike ikakhulukazi ekungqubuzaneni kwe-inertia nokumuncwa phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, ngakho le ndawo ingakwazi ukuvimba izinhlayiya ezincane.
Lapho isihlungi semishini sithintwa ukungcola okweqile kwemishini, singahlanzwa ngokuwashwa ngemuva.Ukugeleza okubuyela emuva kwamanzi kanye nengxube yomoya ocindezelwe kusetshenziselwa ukugeza nokukhuhla ungqimba lwesihlungi sesihlabathi kusihlungi.Izinto eziboshiwe ezinamathela ebusweni besihlabathi se-quartz zingasuswa futhi zithathwe ukugeleza kwamanzi okugeza i-backwash, okusiza ukususa i-sediment kanye nezinto ezimisiwe kungqimba lokuhlunga futhi kuvimbele ukuvinjelwa kwezinto zokuhlunga.Impahla yesihlungi izobuyisela umthamo wayo wokuvimba ukungcola ngokugcwele, kufinyelele umgomo wokuhlanza.I-backwash ilawulwa amapharamitha womehluko we-inlet kanye ne-outlet noma ukuhlanzwa kwesikhathi, futhi isikhathi esithile sokuhlanza sincike ekudakaleni kwamanzi aluhlaza.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile, ezinye zezinqubo zakuqala zasebenzisa ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion ekwelapheni, kusetshenziswa umbhede we-cation, umbhede we-anion, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula umbhede oxubile.Ukushintshanisa i-ion kuyinqubo ekhethekile yokumunca okuqinile ekwazi ukumunca i-cation noma i-anion ethile emanzini, ishintshisane ngenani elilinganayo lenye i-ion eneshaji efanayo, bese iyidedela emanzini.Lokhu kubizwa nge-ion exchange.Ngokwezinhlobo zama-ion ashintshiwe, ama-ejenti okushintshanisa ama-ion angahlukaniswa abe ama-ejenti okushintshanisa nge-cation kanye nama-ejenti okushintshanisa ama-anion.
Izici zokungcoliswa kwemvelo kwama-anion resins emanzini ahlanzekile yilezi:
1. Ngemva kokuba inhlaka isingcolisiwe, umbala uba mnyama, ushintshe usuka kophuzi ngokukhanyayo ube onsundu ngokumnyama bese uba mnyama.
2. Amandla okushintshana okusebenza we-resin ancishisiwe, futhi amandla okukhiqiza isikhathi sombhede we-anion ancipha kakhulu.
3. Ama-asidi e-organic avuza emanzini angcolile, akhulisa ukuqhutshwa kokungcola.
4. Inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile liyehla.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile asuka kumbhede we-anion ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-7-8 (ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-NaOH).Ngemva kokuba inhlaka isingcolisiwe, inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile lingase lehle libe phakathi kuka-5.4-5.7 ngenxa yokuvuza kwama-asidi aphilayo.
5. Okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 kuyenyuka.I-dissociation constant ye-organic acids (i-fulvic acid ne-humic acid) emanzini inkulu kunaleyo ye-H2SiO3.Ngakho-ke, izinto eziphilayo ezixhunywe ku-resin zingavimbela ukushintshaniswa kwe-H2SiO3 nge-resin, noma isuse i-H2SiO3 esivele ikhangisiwe, okuholela ekuvuzeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-SiO2 embhedeni we-anion.
6. Inani lamanzi okugeza liyakhula.Ngenxa yokuthi i-organic adsorbed on the resin iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu asebenzayo -COOH, inhlaka iguqulelwa ku-COONA ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kabusha.Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanza, lawa maNa+ ion ahlala esuswa yi-mineral acid emanzini anethonya, okwandisa isikhathi sokuhlanza nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi embhedeni we-anion.
Imikhiqizo ye-Reverse Osmosis membrane isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yamanzi angaphezulu, amanzi abuyiselwe, ukulungiswa kwamanzi angcolile, ukukhishwa kwamanzi olwandle, amanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu.Onjiniyela abasebenzisa le mikhiqizo bayazi ukuthi ulwelwesi olunephunga elimnandi lwe-polyamide reverse osmosis lungangenwa kalula yi-oxidizing.Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa izinqubo ze-oxidation ekwelapheni kwangaphambili, ama-ejenti okunciphisa ahambisanayo kufanele asetshenziswe.Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ikhono le-anti-oxidation le-reverse osmosis membranes sekuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kubahlinzeki be-membrane ukuze bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe nokusebenza.
I-oxidation ingabangela ukwehla okuphawulekayo nokungenakuhlehliswa ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo, olubonakala ikakhulukazi njengokuncipha kwezinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini ohlelweni, izingxenye ze-membrane ngokuvamile zidinga ukushintshwa.Nokho, yiziphi izimbangela ezivamile ze-oxidation?
(I) Izenzakalo ezivamile ze-oxidation nezimbangela zazo
1. Ukuhlasela kwe-chlorine: Imithi equkethe i-chloride yengezwa ekungeneni kwesistimu, futhi uma ingadliwa ngokugcwele phakathi nokwelashwa kwangaphambili, i-chlorine esele izongena ohlelweni lolwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluphambene.
2. Landela i-chlorine eyinsalela nama-ion ensimbi esindayo njenge-Cu2+, Fe2+, ne-Al3+ emanzini anethonya kubangela ukusabela kwe-catalytic oxidative ongqimbeni lwe-polyamide desalination.
3. Amanye ama-oxidizing agents asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamanzi, njenge-chlorine dioxide, i-potassium permanganate, i-ozone, i-hydrogen peroxide, njll. Ama-oxidants ayinsalela angena ohlelweni lwe-osmosis oluphambene futhi abangele ukulimala kwe-oxidation kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis elingemuva.
(II) Indlela yokuvimbela i-oxidation?
1. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kolwelwesi lwe-osmosis okuphambene akuqukethe i-chlorine esele:
a.Faka ku-inthanethi amathuluzi anamandla okunciphisa i-oxidation noma amathuluzi okuthola i-chlorine eyinsalela ephayiphini lokungena elibuyela emuva le-osmosis, futhi usebenzise izinto ezinciphisayo ezifana ne-sodium bisulfite ukuze uthole i-chlorine esele ngesikhathi sangempela.
b.Ngemithombo yamanzi ekhipha amanzi angcolile ukuze ahlangabezane namazinga namasistimu asebenzisa i-ultrafiltration njengokwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukungeza i-chlorine ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-ultrafiltration microbial.Kulesi simo sokusebenza, amathuluzi aku-inthanethi nokuhlola okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukuze kutholakale insalela ye-chlorine ne-ORP emanzini.
2. Isistimu yokuhlanza ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kufanele ihlukaniswe nesistimu yokuhlanza i-ultrafiltration ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza okusele kwe-chlorine kusuka ohlelweni lwe-ultrafiltration kuya ohlelweni lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo.
Inani lokumelana liyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ahlanzekile.Namuhla, amasistimu amaningi okuhlanza amanzi emakethe afika nemitha ye-conductivity, ebonisa okuqukethwe kwe-ion iyonke emanzini ukuze isisize siqinisekise ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa.Imitha ye-conductivity yangaphandle isetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lamanzi nokwenza ukulinganisa, ukuqhathanisa neminye imisebenzi.Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokulinganisa yangaphandle ivamise ukukhombisa ukuphambuka okuphawulekayo kumanani aboniswa umshini.Ngakho, yini inkinga?Kudingeka siqale ngevelu yokumelana engu-18.2MΩ.cm.
I-18.2MΩ.cm iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ebonisa ukugcwala kwama-cations nama-anion emanzini.Uma ukugxila kwe-ion emanzini kuphansi, inani lokumelana elitholiwe liphezulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Ngakho-ke, kukhona ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kwevelu yokumelana nokugxila kwe-ion.
A. Kungani umkhawulo ophezulu wevelu yokumelana namanzi acwenge kakhulu ungu-18.2 MΩ.cm?
Uma ukugxila kwe-ion emanzini kusondela kuqanda, kungani inani lokumelana lingelikhulu ngokungenamkhawulo?Ukuze uqonde izizathu, ake sixoxe ngokuphambene nenani lokumelana - conductivity:
① I-conductivity isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa amandla okuqhuba ama-ion emanzini ahlanzekile.Inani layo lilingana ngokomugqa nokugxiliswa kwe-ion.
② Iyunithi ye-conductivity ivamise ukuvezwa ngo-μS/cm.
③ Emanzini ahlanzekile (amele ukugxiliswa kwe-ion), inani le-conductivity likaziro alikho ngempela ngoba asikwazi ukususa wonke ama-ion emanzini, ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela ukulingana kokuhlukanisa kwamanzi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Kusukela ekulinganisweni okungenhla kokuhlukanisa, i-H+ ne-OH- ayinakususwa.Uma engekho ama-ion emanzini ngaphandle kwe-[H+] ne-[OH-], inani eliphansi le-conductivity lingu-0.055 μS/cm (leli nani libalwa ngokusekelwe ekugxilweni kwe-ion, ukuhamba kwe-ion, nezinye izici, ngokusekelwe [H+] = [OH-] = 1.0x10-7).Ngakho-ke, ngokwengqondo, akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile ngenani le-conductivity elingaphansi kuka-0.055μS/cm.Ngaphezu kwalokho, 0.055 μS/cm iwukubuyelana kuka-18.2M0.cm esikujwayele, 1/18.2=0.055.
Ngakho-ke, ekushiseni kuka-25 ° C, awekho amanzi ahlanzekile ane-conductivity engaphansi kuka-0.055μS/cm.Ngamanye amazwi, akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile anenani lokumelana elingaphezu kuka-18.2 MΩ/cm.
B. Kungani isihlanzi samanzi sibonisa u-18.2 MΩ.cm, kodwa kuyinselele ukuzuza umphumela olinganisiwe ngokwethu?
Amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu anokuqukethwe kwe-ion ephansi, futhi izidingo zemvelo, izindlela zokusebenza, nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ziphezulu kakhulu.Noma yikuphi ukusebenza okungalungile kungase kuthinte imiphumela yokulinganisa.Amaphutha okusebenza avamile ekulinganiseni inani lokumelana lamanzi acwenge kakhulu elabhorethri ahlanganisa:
① Ukuqapha okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi: Khipha amanzi acwenge kakhulu bese uwabeka kubhika noma kwesinye isiqukathi ukuze ahlolwe.
② Izimo zebhethri ezingaguquki: Imitha ye-conductivity enebhethri engaguquki engu-0.1cm-1 ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukukala ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi acwenge kakhulu.
③ Ukuntuleka Kwesinxephezelo Sezinga lokushisa: Inani lokumelana elingu-18.2 MΩ.cm emanzini acwenge kakhulu ngokuvamile libhekisela kumphumela ongaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-25°C.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokulinganisa lihlukile kuleli zinga lokushisa, sidinga ukulibuyisela ku-25°C ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa.
C. Yini okufanele siyinake lapho sikala inani lokumelana namanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu sisebenzisa imitha ye-conductivity yangaphandle?
Kubhekiselwa kokuqukethwe kwesigaba sokutholwa kokumelana ku-GB/T33087-2016 "Izicaciso Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zamanzi Ahlanzekile Aphakeme Wokuhlaziya Instrumental," izindaba ezilandelayo kufanele ziqashelwe lapho kukalwa inani lokumelana lamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu kusetshenziswa i-conductivity yangaphandle. imitha:
① Izidingo zesisetshenziswa: imitha ye-conductivity eku-inthanethi enomsebenzi wokunxeshezelwa kwezinga lokushisa, i-electrode conductivity cell engu-0.01 cm-1, kanye nokunemba kwesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa esingu-0.1°C.
② Izinyathelo zokusebenza: Xhuma iseli lokuhamba lemitha ye-conductivity ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, shayela amanzi futhi ukhiphe amabhamuza omoya, lungisa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi libe sezingeni elingaguquki, futhi urekhode izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kanye nenani lokumelana lethuluzi lapho ukufunda ukumelana kuzinzile.
Izidingo zemishini nezinyathelo zokusebenza ezishiwo ngenhla kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yethu yokulinganisa.
Umbhede oxubile ufushane kukholomu yokushintshisana ye-ion exubile, okuyithuluzi eliklanyelwe ubuchwepheshe bokushintshana kwe-ion futhi elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile (ukumelana okungaphezu kwama-megaohms angu-10), ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngemuva kwe-osmosis ehlanekezelwe noma umbhede we-Yang Yin.Okubizwa ngokuthi umbhede oxubile kusho ukuthi ingxenye ethile ye-cation kanye ne-anion exchange resins ixutshwe futhi ipakishwe kudivayisi efanayo yokushintshanisa ukuze kushintshwe futhi kukhishwe ama-ion oketshezini.
Isilinganiso sokupakishwa kwe-cation ne-anion resin ngokuvamile singu-1:2.Umbhede oxubile nawo uhlukaniswe waba umbhede oxubile wokuvuselela kabusha ovumelanisiwe we-in-situ kanye nombhede oxubile wokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-ex-situ.I-In-situ synchronous regeneration umbhede oxubile wenziwa embhedeni oxubile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nayo yonke inqubo yokuvuselela, futhi i-resin ayisuswanga ngaphandle kwemishini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cation kanye ne-anion resins zivuselelwa kanyekanye, ngakho-ke imishini edingekayo yokusiza incane futhi ukusebenza kulula.
Izici zemishini yokulala ehlanganisiwe:
1. Izinga lamanzi lihle kakhulu, futhi inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile liseduze nokungathathi hlangothi.
2. Izinga lamanzi lizinzile, futhi izinguquko zesikhashana ezimweni zokusebenza (njengezinga lamanzi angenisayo noma izingxenye, izinga lokugeleza kokusebenza, njll.) alinawo umthelela omncane kukhwalithi yokulahlwa kombhede oxubile.
3. Ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kunomthelela omncane kwikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile, futhi isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ubuyele eqophelweni lamanzi angaphambi kokuvalwa sifushane.
4. Izinga lokubuyisa amanzi lifinyelela ku-100%.
Izinyathelo zokuhlanza nokusebenza kwemishini yokulala exubile:
1. Ukusebenza
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokungena emanzini: ngokungenisa amanzi omkhiqizo we-Yang bed Yin bed noma ngokukhipha usawoti emanzini (amanzi aphethwe i-osmosis reverse).Uma usebenza, vula i-valve yokungena kanye ne-valve yamanzi yomkhiqizo, bese uvala wonke amanye ama-valve.
2. Ukugeza ngemuva
Vala i-valve yokungena kanye ne-valve yamanzi yomkhiqizo;vula i-valve yokufaka i-backwash kanye ne-valve yokukhipha i-backwash, i-backwash ku-10m / h i-15min.Bese, vala i-valve yokungena ngemuva kanye ne-valve yokukhipha i-backwash.Vumela ukuthi ihlale imizuzu engu-5-10.Vula i-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye ne-valve yokukhipha amanzi emaphakathi, bese ukhipha amanzi kancane abe ngu-10cm ngaphezu kongqimba lwe-resin.Vala i-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye ne-valve yokukhipha amanzi ephakathi.
3. Ukuzalwa kabusha
Vula i-valve yokungena, ipompo ye-asidi, ivalvu yokufaka i-asidi, kanye nevalvu yokudonsa ephakathi.Khiqiza kabusha inhlaka ye-cation ku-5m/s kanye no-200L/h, sebenzisa amanzi omkhiqizo we-osmosis ahlehlayo ukuze uhlanze inhlaka ye-anion, futhi ugcine ileveli yoketshezi kukholamu ebusweni bongqimba lwe-resin.Ngemva kokukhiqiza kabusha i-cation resin imizuzu engu-30, vala ivalve yokungena, iphampu ye-asidi, nevalvu yokufaka i-asidi, bese uvula ivalvu yokufaka i-backwash, iphampu ye-alkali, nevalvu yokufaka i-alkali.Khiqiza kabusha i-anion resin ngo-5m/s kanye no-200L/h, sebenzisa amanzi omkhiqizo we-osmosis ahlehlayo ukuze uhlanze inhlaka ye-cation, futhi ugcine ileveli yoketshezi kukholamu ebusweni bongqimba lwe-resin.Khiqiza kabusha imizuzu engama-30.
4. Ukufaka esikhundleni, hlanganisa inhlaka, kanye nokushaywa
Vala iphampu ye-alkali kanye ne-alkali inlet valve, bese uvula i-valve yokungena.Faka esikhundleni futhi uhlanze inhlaka ngokwethula kanyekanye amanzi avela phezulu naphansi.Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, vala i-valve yokungena, i-valve yokungena ngemuva, kanye ne-valve yokudonsa ephakathi.Vula i-valve yokukhipha i-backwash, i-valve yokufaka umoya, kanye ne-valve yokukhipha, enengcindezi ye-0.1 ~ 0.15MPa kanye nevolumu yegesi engu-2 ~ 3m3 / (m2 · min), hlanganisa i-resin ye-0.5 ~ 5min.Vala i-valve yokukhipha i-backwash kanye ne-valve yokufaka umoya, yiyeke ihlale i-1 ~ 2min.Vula i-valve yokungena kanye ne-valve yokukhipha ukugeza phambili, lungisa i-valve yokukhipha, ugcwalise amanzi kuze kungabikho moya kukholamu, bese usula i-resin.Lapho i-conductivity ifinyelela izidingo, vula i-valve yokukhiqiza amanzi, vala i-valve yokukhipha amanzi, bese uqala ukukhiqiza amanzi.
Uma ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokusebenza, izinhlayiya zikasawoti oqinile ethangini le-brine le-softener azizange zehle futhi izinga lamanzi akhiqizwayo alikho ezingeni elijwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi isithambisa singakwazi ukumunca usawoti ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi izizathu zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi okulandelayo: :
1. Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi umfutho wamanzi ongenayo ufanelekile yini.Uma umfutho wamanzi ongenayo ungenele (ngaphansi kuka-1.5kg), ukucindezela okungalungile ngeke kwakhiwe, okuzokwenza ukuthi isithambile singatholi usawoti;
2. Hlola futhi unqume ukuthi ipayipi lokumunca usawoti livaliwe yini.Uma ivinjiwe, ngeke imunce usawoti;
3. Hlola ukuthi i-drainage ayivimbekile yini.Uma ukumelana nokukhipha amanzi kuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yemfucumfucu eyeqile kusihlungi sepayipi, umfutho ongemuhle ngeke wakheke, okuzokwenza ukuthi isithambisa singawumumbi usawoti.
Uma amaphuzu amathathu angenhla esusiwe, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuthi ipayipi yokumunca usawoti iyavuza yini, okwenza umoya ungene futhi ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kube phezulu kakhulu ukuze kufakwe usawoti.Ukungafani phakathi kwesinqamuleli sokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nejethi, ukuvuza emzimbeni wamavalvu, nokunqwabelana kwegesi ngokweqile okubangela umfutho omkhulu nakho kuyizici ezithinta ukwehluleka kwesithambile ukumunca usawoti.